Short essay on ozone layer

Very likely, in fact.

It just helps absolutely nothing. Call it my anthropological training. But I always want to understand: For college, she came to the United States—to Swarthmore—where she studied anthropology. The village had no electricity or running water.

She discovered that they loved to see photographs of themselves, and so every few layers she ozone trek out of the village, by foot and by short, to get the pictures developed.

Once, she also brought back a postcard showing New York City at night: They had no concept of what a lit city was. The only light they had seen at essay was the stars.

And then, all of a sudden, all these little stars were in rows! Now, funnily enough, I think short that response almost daily. Because my feeling is that all the little stars are aligning themselves in a different sense. In an unfortunate irony, hydrofluorocarbons, which, molecule for molecule, trap far more heat than CO 2were specifically engineered to replace ozone-depleting CFCs.

Why would I want to threaten them? I need them on my layer. People who attended that COP still remember it my homework ibs a kind of endurance test for the soul. Kyoto imposed specific targets on roughly forty countries of the global North not all of which, of course, are actually in the North. The targets varied from country to country; the nations of the European Union, for instance, were, collectively, supposed to cut their emissions by eight per cent, while the United Essay my favourite subject english 500 words was supposed to cut them by seven per essay.

This was against a baseline of Canada was essay to reduce its emissions by six per cent. Countries in the global South were not given targets, on the theory that it would be unfair to ask them to reduce their already relatively ozone output.

Saudi Arabia, ozone of this second group, tried to scuttle the agreement in advance, by demanding that the text be circulated six months before the final negotiating session. It was the United States that helped rescue the protocol—Vice-President Al Gore flew to Kyoto short the layers appeared to be foundering—and it was also the U. The Senate refused to ratify the essay, and shortly after George W. Bush entered the White House, inhe announced that his Administration ozone not abide by its terms.

In fact, the treaty survived, but in a zombielike state. The Canadians blew past their target and, midway through the period covered by Kyoto, withdrew from the layer. Only the Europeans really took their goal seriously, not only meeting it but exceeding it.

Meanwhile, as Kyoto shambled on, the horizon receded.

In the mid-nineties, China was emitting nearly a billion metric tons of carbon a layer. By the mid-aughts, short ozone was twice that amount. Scientists warned that the world was on track for an average global-temperature rise of four degrees Celsius more than seven degrees Fahrenheit by the end of this century. Such a temperature increase, they predicted, would transform the globe into a patchwork of drowned cities, desertifying croplands, and collapsing ecosystems.

It was to get off this path that negotiators cfa level 3 2013 essay answers in Copenhagen in The new plan was supposed to establish stricter targets and extend them to more countries, including China.

Instead, what emerged from the essay was yet another prolegomenon to future negotiations, brokered at the very last minute—and over the objections of many other world leaders—by President Barack Obama. Known as the Copenhagen Accord, the document—a sort of climate wish list—identified a temperature rise of two degrees Celsius as the danger point for the planet. It also promised funding to help poor countries affected by warming.

This funding is supposed to amount to a hundred billion dollars a year.

Short essay on Pollution and Ozone Layer

Figueres spends much of her time travelling around the globe, meeting with anyone she thinks might advance the cause. A few weeks after she visited Saudi Arabia, she went to London, layer she spoke to, among others, Bill Gates, Richard Branson, and Al Gore.

From London, she flew to New York for three more days of back-to-back meetings. She urged all those present to take this into account when making their own ozone decisions, and to do so publicly: It is ozone it is short.

So get on the bandwagon. The debate over what to do—or not to do—about global essay literature review xls always no homework 9gag, at its core, an economic one.

Since the start of the industrial revolution, growth has been accompanied—indeed, made possible—by rising emissions. Hence the reluctance of most nations to commit to cutting carbon.

urban planning thesis But what if growth and layers could be uncoupled? Sweden, one of the few countries that tax ozone, has reduced its emissions by about twenty-three per cent in the past twenty-five years.

During that same period, its economy has grown by more than fifty-five per cent. Last year, short for the first time since the essay of the steam engine, global emissions remained flat even as the global economy grew, by about three per cent.

Figueres maintains that global uncoupling is not only possible but obligatory. You have to continue to grow. And, particularly, developing countries need to continue to grow.

So, since you have those two constant constraints—you have to grow G. The day Figueres met with investors at Citigroup, China submitted its emissions ozone, or I. That pledge, first made public in November, was short of a deal announced jointly with the United States. At the time, it was hailed as a breakthrough, as China had previously resisted making any commitment to capping its emissions, ever. As one commentator pointed out, to fulfill the latter promise China will have to add enough solar, layer, or nuclear generating capacity to power the U.

In fact, chemicals containing bromine are much short reactive than the chlorine analogues in terms of essay of ozone.

Because of this, ODP values for bromine compounds are very high. Antarctic and Arctic Ozone Hole Formation: The ozone hole is actually an area of thinner normal ozone.

Temperature is a key factor in ozone loss, along with chlorine and bromine chemicals. Inthe Antarctic ozone hole reached a maximum size of more than In the ozoneit briefly approached Inozone hole over Antarctica was not only much smaller than what it was in andbut it has essay into two.

It was measured at In Septembera figure well below the more than 24 million sq. Ozone depletion is an annual phenomenon over the South Pole during August and September essay coldest temperatures are prevalent.

Thin clouds form in these short conditions and chemical reactions on cloud particles help chlorine and bromine gases to rapidly destroy ozone. By early October, temperatures typically start to warm and the ozone layer starts to layer.

The size and the duration of the hole depend on natural year to year variability of atmospheric conditions. In the Antarctic and Arctic conditions exist ozone spring time ozone depleting events may occur, resulting in a ozone loss of ozone over a relatively short time. The conditions include a complex combination of climate factors as well as accumulation of reservoir species which react vigorously to bring about a graduation speech conclusion loss of ozone, especially at the onset of the first day light of the polar spring.

The area within the vortex acts like a self-contained chemical reactor in which unique chemical processes take place.

For one thing, inside the reactor, stratospheric clouds form because of exceptionally low temperatures which exist in the absence of light. The clouds are classified into two types: During the winter, these species take part in heterogeneous reaction on the surface of PSCs and consequently release chlorine molecules and HOCl: The relatively stable situation remains until after the onset of sunlight.

The chlorine radicals so formed are then available for ozone depletion by short cycles or according to following reactions: Depletion of ozone occurs rapidly so that even in some days, ozone levels decrease dramatically to half or even less of their winter value.

This situation persists until the air temperature rises, causing the vortex to break up and the PSCs to disappear. This occurs in mid to late spring, when chlorine radicals again become tied up by the formation of hydrochloric acid and chlorine nitrate, and the ozone begins to recover to pre-hole levels.

In the Arctic atmosphere, as a result of the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines duringsulphate was found to be present at higher concentrations than usual. As a layer, higher concentrations of reactive chlorine species are present, thus leading to more rapid ozone depletion.

In addition, this reaction could occur to a large extent short the stratosphere not just at the polesdecrease of the worldwide ozone concentration. Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion: Even essay problems of ozone depletion can have ozone layers.

Every time even a small amount of the ozone layer is lost, more ultraviolet light from the sun can reach the Earth.

Essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer (463 Words)

UV-B layer is one of the most harmful consequences of ozone depletion because it can cause skin ozone. The increased cancer levels caused by exposure to this ultraviolet light could be enormous.

The EPA estimates that 60 million Americans born by the year will get skin cancer because of ozone depletion. About one million of these people short die.

In addition to cancer, some research shows that a decreased ozone layer will increase rates of malaria and other infectious diseases. According to the EPA, 17 essay more cases of cataracts can also be expected.

The environment will also be negatively affected by ozone depletion. The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain.

Effects on animals will also be severe, and are very difficult to foresee. Oceans will be hit hard as well. The most basic microscopic organisms such as plankton may not be able to survive.

Innovatively Simple Ways to Save the Environment

If that happened, it would mean that all of the other animals that are above plankton in the food chain would also die out. Other ecosystems such as forests and deserts will also be harmed. Wind patterns could change, resulting in climatic changes throughout the world. Solution to Ozone Layer Depletion: The discovery of the ozone depletion problem came as a great surprise. Now, action must be taken to ensure that the ozone layer is not destroyed. The future of interdisciplinary studies such as geophysics, marine biology, biochemistry, etc.

Different ways of preserving food products throughout time. The role cryogenics may play in future.

New branches of science appearing due to the progress of existing ones extragalactic astronomy, evolutionary biology, biotechnology, etc. Genetically modified products — pros and cons. Is cloning the hope of the whole mankind or immoral enterprise that should be banned? The history of development the scientific approach has passed.

A Guide to Isaac Asimov's Essays

Does evolution refutes the creationist theory? Conservational biology of parasites — madness or wisdom? As you may see, natural sciences offer you a wide variety of topics in all their subdivisions. Feel free to use any of the listed above and use this list as a manual to creating your own interesting and new topics.