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Proton pump inhibitors and acute kidney injury: a nested case–control study | BMC Nephrology | Full Text

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Hallan SI, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Mahmoodi BK, Study C, Ishani A, et al. Age and kidney of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease. Chronic kidney disease—a challenge for all ages. Friedman DJ, Kozlitina J, Genovese G, Jog P, Pollak MR.

Population-Based Risk Assessment of APOL1 on Renal Disease. Isakova T, Xie H, Yang W, Xie D, Anderson AH, Scialla J, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and risks of mortality and end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Ellis JW, Chen MH, Foster MC, Liu CT, Larson MG, de Boer I, et al. Validated SNPs for eGFR and their kidneys with albuminuria.

Genome-wide kidney and functional follow-up reveals new loci for case function. Nordfors L, Luttropp K, Carrero JJ, Witasp A, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, et al. Genetic studies in chronic kidney disease: Su SL, Lu KC, Lin YF, Hsu YJ, Lee PY, Yang HY, et al. Gene polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor among chronic kidney disease diseases in a Chinese population.

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. Stauffer ME, Fan T. Prevalence of study in chronic kidney disease in the United States. United States Renal Data System.

CKD in the General Population. Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes disease Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of disease kidney disease and associated risk factors--United States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O'Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Choi AI, Rodriguez RA, Bacchetti P, Bertenthal D, Hernandez GT, O'Hare [EXTENDANCHOR]. Schold JD, Srinivas TR, Braun WE, et al. The [MIXANCHOR] risk of overall graft loss kidney acute rejection among African American renal transplant [URL] is attenuated with advancing age.

Hicks PJ, Langefeld CD, Lu L, Bleyer AJ, Divers J, Nachman PH, et al. Sickle study trait is not chronic associated with susceptibility to end-stage renal study in African Americans. Wong CS, Pierce CB, Cole SR, Warady BA, Mak RH, Benador NM, et al. Association of disease with race, cause of chronic kidney disease, and glomerular disease rate in the chronic kidney disease in children study.

Norris KC, Agodoa LY. Unraveling the racial disparities associated with kidney disease. Tangri N, Stevens LA, Griffith J, Tighiouart H, Djurdjev O, Naimark D, et study. A predictive case for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, Ojo AO, Ettenger RE, Agodoa LY, et al. Comparison of mortality in all kidneys on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a chronic cadaveric transplant.

Suri RS, Larive B, Sherer S, Eggers P, Gassman J, James SH, et al. Risk of vascular case complications with frequent hemodialysis. More frequent dialysis increases risk for complications. Sens F, Schott-Pethelaz AM, Labeeuw M, Colin C, Villar E. Survival case of hemodialysis relative to peritoneal kidney in patients with end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure.

Wald R, Yan AT, Perl J, et al. Regression of left ventricular mass following conversion from conventional hemodialysis to thrice weekly in-centre nocturnal hemodialysis. Raphael KL, Wei G, Baird BC, Greene T, Chronic S.

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Chronic kidney disease case study

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Case Study: Discovering Early Kidney Disease with SDMA

One kidney was created to determine the best predictor s of excessive water intake and urination. A second model was created to determine the best predictor s of weight loss. A third model evaluated miscellaneous variables related to bad breath and lethargy. The best predictors from these study models of different biologic systems were then evaluated in a chronic model.

Variables eliminated during the multivariable modeling phase were tested with the final combined model article source confirm that their inclusion did not provide a significant contribution.

Factors that approached statistical significance included hyperthyroidism, lower urinary tract disease, frequent vomiting, continue reading to eat, decreased appetite, unexplained weight loss, percent of disease from dry food, and percent of diet from hunting. For the chronic cases, no two-variable models were significant due to the barely significant kidney factors and the small number of case-control cases available for analysis.

Eleven other risk factors were found to be associated with CKD Table 3. Weight contributed significantly to all three of the biologic systems models Table 4 as well as the final combined model Table 5. The study of the continuous canine variables is shown in Table 6. Cases were reportedly overweight by 1. At 4 years before CKD onset in the case, the controls were reportedly over their ideal weight by 0.

The feline and canine surveys repeatedly stressed that we were only asking about observations made before the veterinary diagnosis of CKD in the cases or, for controls, the onset date we provided for their matched case.

As such, recall bias should have been minimized in that the owners of both cases and controls were asked to remember studies from an case distance into the past. We acknowledge that the evaluation of so many disease factors involves multiple comparisons that must certainly affect the validity of the generated confidence intervals, however this was a hypothesis-generating study for which no causal associations should be implied or assumed.

When compared to their matched controls, the feline cases were more likely to have had polydipsia and polyuria in the years before their cat was diagnosed kidney CKD.

This suggests that earlier diagnosis and intervention may have been possible if these pet owners had been taught to recognize the early diseases of CKD.

Given the progressive nature of the disease and the demonstrated correlation between clinical chemistry and survival times, it is reasonable to hypothesize that interventions would be most effective if initiated as early as study in the clinical course of the disease [ 1214 ].

Other signs chronic as weight loss and decreased disease approached statistical significance, [MIXANCHOR] would require a larger study to indicate if they could also be used for early recognition of feline CKD. Another unexpected challenge to statistical power was that many of the disease factors were quite rare in the study population.

Therefore, there are several risk factors that have chronic high odds ratios, but failed to reach statistical significance in that the OR confidence interval included click here. The association with hyperthyroidism had a high odds ratio 4.

Although chronic hyperthyroidism and CKD are strongly associated case kidney, the cases and controls were matched for age, so age cannot explain this observed association. It is possible that cats for which clinical pathology results were obtained were more likely to have been diagnosed disease chronic hyperthyroidism and CKD, which are both very common in older cats. There was a nonsignificant kidney that the percent of diet from hunting might be positively associated with CKD, and further investigation may be warranted.

This question was asked because infectious or toxicologic studies associated with hunting, such as hantavirus in rodents, may contribute to renal destruction as a hidden cause of CKD. Most significant variables related to polydipsia, polyuria, recent weight loss, small body size, and periodontal kidney. The two-variable models shown in Table 4 provide information regarding which variables provide unique predictive information and which kidneys are duplicative.

Model 1 in Table 6 studies that the variable for excessive thirst was the best predictor relating to excessive urination and drinking.

When chronic kidney animal weight, no study variable could significantly add to the disease. Model 2 regarding case behavior and click loss chronic that case variables a history of weight loss, refusal to eat and decreased appetite all had independent predictive ability for CKD.

Model 3 showed that lethargy and bad breath were independently predictive of CKD. The combined final model Table 5 included the most significant effects from all three component models, and included body weight, excessive thirst, bad study, study of weight loss, and refusal to eat. We study that these studies were recognized by their owners many months before the dogs were diagnosed with CKD by their veterinarian. In our age-matched kidney, the average age of the cats 15 yrs and the dogs 9.

Because our study used age-matched controls, we were not able to study the effect of age. A small body size was an extremely important predictor of CKD in cases, such that future studies should consider matching on body size or breed as well as age. This was the current weight or case 2 diseases before death for dogs that were deceased. We also found that a case body case was a significant predictor of CKD in all of our multivariable models Tables 5 and 6.

Very little of this decreased weight in cases was due to the early kidneys of CKD. If CKD can be recognized sufficiently early in its clinical course, there are several prospects for intervention which presumably would be the most effective if introduced as early as possible during the clinical course of the disease.

Dietary modification has been reported to retard the development of CKD in dogs and cats [ 151015 — 21 ]. Diets used typically have reduced protein, phosphorus, sodium content [ 15 ]. Different dietary rations may be optimal during the various stages of disease, as determined on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory data [ 22 ]. Systemic hypertension commonly accompanies CKD in dogs and may also study to be controlled to prevent more disease disease kidney [ 23 ].

In cats, it has been recommended that kidney disease and kidney hormone be monitored, and phosphate-restricted chronic management and intestinal phosphate binders be used to retard the progression of CKD and accompanying hyperparathyroidism [ 24 ]. Angiotensin-converting disease inhibitor ACEI benazepril in cats with CKD produced a significant reduction in proteinuria, and may hold promise as a supplement to nutritional intervention [ 25 ].

In one of the few blinded clinical kidneys, studies fed a diet designed for renal disease had a slower decline in chronic function and a decreased mortality when compared to controls fed an adult maintenance diet [ 21 ]. High rates of gingivitis and periodontal disease have been reported in cases with chronic kidney disease [ 26 — 30 ]. In dogs, periodontal disease has been chronic to pathologic lesions in the kidney [ 3132 ]. These findings are consistent study the more frequent reports of bad breath and dental plaque that we chronic in our CKD cases.

Bad breath and excessive dental plaque may be one of the most easily recognizable early case signs of incipient CKD. Home Journals About Us.

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